By Micah Jonah, February 19, 2026
Political tensions are escalating in Italy as Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni renewed criticism of the judiciary ahead of a national referendum on judicial reform scheduled for March 22–23.
Meloni accused sections of Italy’s courts of undermining her government’s efforts to curb irregular migration, following a series of rulings that went against state actions.
On Wednesday, a court in Palermo ordered the government to pay €76,000 in compensation to the charity Sea-Watch after authorities detained one of its vessels in 2019 for breaching a naval blockade to disembark rescued migrants. In a separate case, a Rome court granted compensation to a migrant transferred to an Italian-run repatriation centre in Albania, citing procedural violations.
In a video statement, Meloni questioned whether the rulings signalled that her administration was being prevented from enforcing migration laws, alleging that a “politicised section” of the judiciary was obstructing government policy.
The referendum proposes changes to Italy’s judicial system, including separating the career tracks of judges and prosecutors. Supporters argue the reform would strengthen impartiality, while critics contend it could weaken judicial independence.
Deputy Prime Minister, Matteo Salvini, who served as interior minister during the 2019 Sea-Watch standoff, publicly endorsed the reforms and urged voters to support the “Yes” campaign. Justice Minister, Carlo Nordio has also sharply criticised the current structure of the judiciary.
Opponents of the reform include prominent magistrates and centre-left political figures, who argue the proposed changes risk politicising prosecutors and reducing judicial autonomy. Naples prosecutor, Nicola Gratteri has voiced opposition, warning that the reform could undermine the justice system’s effectiveness.
Italy’s President, Sergio Mattarella has called for mutual respect between the branches of government as campaigning intensifies.
Recent opinion polling suggests the vote is closely contested, with turnout likely to be decisive. A low voter turnout could benefit opponents of the reform, as Italy’s referendum rules require a participation threshold for the result to be valid.
The outcome of the referendum is widely seen as a key political test for Meloni’s right-wing coalition ahead of the next general election, due in 2027. While the prime minister has said she would not resign in the event of defeat, the vote is expected to shape Italy’s political landscape and the balance of power between government and judiciary in the years ahead.
